MESODOLOCIXERKIE @RPEKS\ RINEQCESIKI D.R. Xu~pr{yz C|prp yx {~ysy "Ry~usuy{p y y~}py" |
Mut|sy - pxtu| y|yy. @r ~u ypu uq uy~p|~} y|} y tuzryu|~ p{r} ~u r|u. P} ~pp s|prp ~u uu~t u ~p tup|~z p~p|yx y|{y utpr|u~yz, r } y|u y ru}u~~. K}u s, pr ~u r|ptuu x{} uy~p|~ y|r y } y| yx|wu~y }wu ~y rxrp y~yu{ |q{ . B z rxy }u~ ~p}~y {px Pup Purs:
Su} ~u }u~uu, pr uy| tu|y ypu|u} ~u{}y qpwu~y}y, ru{py}y yx y~usuyu{s ttp { ~p {u y wyx~y. Np ps prp rt~ry|y {~ysy I. Pyswy~p, y I Ru~su [1], R.P. K t}rp y E.N. K~xurz, [2] A.A. Kpt}urp, [3] pq N.N. Myuurp [4] y tp t sy utpryu|uz ~ ~p {.. Ix y pq |ut u, ~pp| ru} y|{s }|u~y tywu~yz ru}u~~z ~p {y [1] . S} wu ru~ ~tp}u~p|~u y|utrp~yu B.R. Rvy~p [5]. B ~u} tu{~ y t su: ~u |{ tywu~y uuru~~ ~p { r|y|y ~p }yrxxu~yu, ~ y y|y, {p{ ~p {p ~yrup|~p, qrrp|p pxryy ~ ~p {. Qpx }uu, } |yr{p {pwtz ~rz }tu|y (y|y uyy) - p{ rurp (su~upyy u~~z y~}pyy) y } ~u ut{px u}. Ot~p{, y}u~~ y|y xtprp|p ryyu{ qpx (y|y uxp , y|y qu} uuy u}z y~}pyy, . s|. 3), {p ~uqty}p t| rurp. B [5] ~p y}uu yxyu{y uyz {pxp~, r ru ru{y p{p }ut|syu{yu ytuy (x~p~~ y|y ~u x~p~~) ysp|y q| ryyu{ |. M~sy u~, r } y|u y }~ ru, quty~u p{wu u}|u~yu x~p }y r us pxryyy {p{ uty~u u|u. ^ u}|u~yu rpwpu |rp}y: gruuty~rh (u}y~ ut|wu~ U|u~{y}), g ~yrup|~z r|y~yx}h (u}y~ ut|wu~ B.R. Rvy~}) y gut {y~yx}h (|ut~yz |u~ uy} uru~~ uty yxy{r). R}| y |r } tup|~uu q ty} r |ut u} pxtu|u. Ix utt y s|pr |ut u, prp r|~ u wu q|u}, y r , u} y q~u r|u~yu ut|pspu}z s|pr. B s|pru p{yu{y r |{y (y{|u~yu utpr| rrutu~yu y pxtu| 7,4, r {} u ytu {~{u~ rpyp~p |syu{y u}). Pyy~ } ~u{|{. B-ur, qu} |yup ( P|p~p y @yu| t ~py t~uz) p{r, pr ~u r y|p uv qxu. B-r, qpxrp~~z ypu| ( u~z) r ur uut }y ~p y{ |yup . E|y p} ~u |{ ~p us pq, ~u~yu { ru} |ut u} r ~u{} }|u ututu|u~. E|y |{y rqu r , wu ~u qyt~ y |ut uu ry~y}pu q|uu qu{yr~. B uy, y|y - ~p {p s }p~yp~p y }|y p} rpwp |rp}y. R|rp }w~ p{rp pyu~~ y stp r~u, P|p~} y @yu|u} (p uv p~u r Ayq|yy) wu rv {pxp~ y sry q|u ~u u}.
Wu| - q ty ~u{u q|u} y|yy r ruu tywu~yz y~usuy{y, p p{wu | y|yy r p~r|u~yy y~usuy{y. Euru~~u ~p {y rustp {pxrp|y uux~u r|y~yu ~p }yrxxu~yu tu|~ |tuz y ~p qur r u|}. ^ ~y ~u |{ { s~u|syy, ~ y y{u, ytu|syy y tpwu u|ysyy. Pyrutu} yyu{yu y}u B p~y~z Cuyy q|y xtp~ ~r su}uyy y rrutu~ ~yu t{pxpu|rp. Puq~ r } ty{rp|p ~uqty} tu|y xu}u|~u p{y y t{pxrp, ~y tuzryu|~ pr~. Otp y ~pxrp~yu - su}uy, u xu}|u}uyu. Hpt|s t s r tur~u} Esyu |ty wu }u|y tu|y p{y y ~p y~ yyr~} r~u y|xrp|y su}uy. Du|p|y wu y r}u t{pxpu|rp |p|y ~p r| qsr. B Cuyy qsy y wu wu q|y, ~ ~u~yu { ~y} |u xtp~y su}uyy, {p{ ~p {y, q| wu t su. @{y} ^r{|ytp y su}uy r u|} {pxp|y u~ q|u r|y~yu ~p pxryyu suu{z { | . Q| |ut~uz r p~y~} }yu quyxru~p. S wu }w~ {pxp y tywu~y }pu}py{y y }up~y{y r ~rz yyy. Q| pq Du{pp, N~p, Luzq~yp y y |utrpu|uz r ~ ~p {p wu yxru~p. Ot~p{, uy }pu}py{y y }up~y{y {pxp|y r|y~yu y ~p t syu ~ quru~~z wyx~y, r p~y ~p y{ . B trptp} ru{u q| tu|p~ t { ~ {yz r yxy{u: uy ~yu|~y y {rp~rp }up~y{p. H~pu~yu y t| yxy{y y u~y{y uryt~. Ot~p{, y {y r|y|y y ~p y{ y ~p }yrxxu~yu |tuz r u|}, u} u ztu xwu. B {~u trptps ru{p rx~y{|p y~usuy{p y r uv p}{p q| tu|p~ {yu - uy ty~p}yu{s pp. ^ {yu ru} x~pu~y ~u pu ur} tr }, p, rx}w~, y urty y. Q| ty~p}yu{s pp y ~u zyry r uuru~~ ~p {p wu q wtp|p ru. P ur r {~ysp ru~p y}u~~ } r . Np}~y} {p{ ~r~u rrt. Pry|p rx}w~ (y tpwu ~uqty}) ~r} rxs|~ ~p. {pxp| q, p~ryryu ~y, p{yu {p{: yy~p, |utryu, pq|~ xp}{~ p yu}p, qu{~u~ q|u (}p|u). Pry| ~rz qu{ - p~~z pp{, {z, {p{ r~y|, y}uu p}u ~uutru~~u ~u~yu { up|~z wyx~y. Pry| ~ru ~yu - uu}uyrpyz |z, {z r|u ~uqty}} p} pxryy wyr yu}. Bu {pxp~, {p{ | ~ yspu y su~upyy u~~z y~}pyy, r qy|syu{z r|yy, r ruru y }|u~yy. Twu yx s |ut u, ty~p}yu{yz p xp| wyrpu p ru|y{s {y. Ruzp y} s|p ~t ~u ru u~u. ^ uuru~~, q|uu s, y}u~~ p{ q| y uyuz ~yu|~y y {rp~rz }up~y{z. Kpwtz u~z (y, u} q|uu, {||u{yr u~) xpypu r y~}py, .u. yu} p{y}, { ~ ry~| y {z r|ptuu. Nrp s~yu{p y~}py ry~y}pu {p{ ~uspyr~p (uu, spu|r ~p y ..). Sp{u rutu~yu uuru~~ t| |qs ~yu| y~}pyy y u~u ~u r| y{|u~yu}. Py}u } q wtp|y ru (}. s| 4). Ot~p{, | ty~p}yu{s pp ~u sp~yyrpu |{ uuru~~}y ~p {p}y, r s }p~yp~ ~p {p us | ~u }u~uu rpw~p. A|uu s, y}u~~ ty~p}yu{yz p }wu sp | }p }uwt ~p {p}y, .u. | wy ~rz t| y y~uspyy. O{yu ty~p}yu{s pp }wu (y t|w~) r|y y ~p }yrxxu~yu r u|}, r{|p y|y y y{ . Oq } y ztu u ~ywu. 7.2.Mut|sy y~uspyy ~p {, gruuty~rh, g ~yrup|~z r|y~yx}h y gyxyu{yz ut {y~yx}h . P }| y u}y~ q|yx{y, ~ uq| r px~ ~p ~ y. Buuty~r - u}|u~yu ~ y utpry r p}{p uty~s ttp ru r|u~y yt. Qu ytu q quty~u~yy ~p { ~ (yxy{p, y}y), uuru~~ (qy|sy) y s }p~yp~. B } }|u gruuty~r - y~~y} gy~uspyyh. Np x{u uyy px~prp~y (}. s|. 6) t| y~uspyy ~ w~ pry }~wur upy pry| y y r ~u} upuu u-pry|. D| s ~uqty} y|xrp {t (.u. x{), ~p {}, } |y upyu pry|p. B ~ ~p {p p{z x{ wu ur u, ru}u~~p }pu}py{p ^ x{ uzp r u|ruu{} quru wu ~yrup|u~ (.u. quy~). Qpx }uu. ~ r|u |r~z y~}pyuz, p ry~y}pu {p{ qu{yr~p up|~, y~stp yrty { ~utpx }u~y} (y}u q ty} ~ywu). B: tpu~ |y x{ ru}u~~z }pu}py{y t| yp~y ru r|u~yz yt, r|u ~} y t|uwy q wtu~y. B uuru~~ y s }p~yp~ ~p {p y|x u x{ |r (ruqp|~z {t). B ~ ~p {p x{ wu, {~u~, y|x u ~pt }pu}pyu{y}. Buqp|~z x{ q|uu ptu{rpu~ y~ yyr~} }|u~y, ~ t| ~ ~p { r~ ~utpu~. T~yrup|~z r|y~yx} u|ut u wu u| - x~p }y, {p{ u|u. Py } r~y}p~yu p{u~y u ~p }, }y r u|}, pr~, {p{ y ~p {p ~u}, ~u pyu~, ~ pxryrpu. B qy|syy y yp|~ ~p {p x~p~ tpr~. B yxy{u - pr~yu|~ ~utpr~, r rxy y|utrp~y}y r|yy Bu|u~~z. B y~usuy{u pxryyu |uwy r ~ru ~p {y y } uv y~stp wtur| uyuz pxryrpy yu}. Hp{~ pxryy px|y~ yu} (Bu|u~~z, qyu, sp~yx}p y qurp) y}u }~s qus ^p q~ rxp~p u}, r ru | p u ytu rx~y{~ru~yy y~}pyy y r|yy uv u~~y. (u} y ru~ s|pr 3,4,5). P} } |yr{p qy xp{~r pxryy (.u. ~yrup|~z r|y~yx}) p~ry p{ p|~} ~ppr|u~yu}. B utu yxy{r u}|u~yu yp ru ~p ruu r p}{p uty~z uyy (.u. yx gur y~yrh) | y| ~pxrp~yu gyxyu{yz ut {y~yx}h O~ ry| pr~yu|~ tpr~. B ~ru us |uwy ruu~~ r }, |w~u r|u~y yt }w~ ruy { r{ ~y , ty~y ~tp}u~p|~} xp{~p} yxy{y. Ptu{~u}, u ytu y}u~~ yxy{u, p ~u {p{z |yq t sz ~p {u. B } r|u yxru~z gyxyu{yz ~qyx}h (Htu |ut u ~p}~y }, pr p} yxy{ y ~y yxyu{z u} ~u wt). Tpr~u~y N~p, Mp{ru||p, Yuty~sup tuzryu|~ ~tp}u~p|~ - r } ruu~ ru. Dp~ |y ~y t| yp~y ru r|u~yz yt, ~py~p ru~y ~pus }yp y t r|u~y wyr y }|y ur - r } ruu~ ~u ru. I}u~~ r } y y q|u}p yxyu{s ut {y~yx}p. P } rt ur |ut yu }~u~y: Purp {p xu~y y r }, ~tp}u~p|~u xp{~ yxy{y ~uqty} y tp~ t| yp~y |qs r|u~y yt. D syu uuru~~u ~p {y ( y}y, qy|sy) ~rrp ~p xp{~p yxy{y y y|x y r uyp|~ t| tp~~z ~p {y |ry. Ix yx|wu~~s r s|. 2 |ut u, p{z qp~p|~z ut {y~yx} tuzryu|~ ~u u|u~. A|uu s, tpwu t| grrtph xp{~r u}ty~p}y{y wu ~uqty}p uryxy tp ~yz yxy{y. Np u} ~utpr~ r{pxp|y trp ru}p pryu~ r yxy{u u~: H.A. Lp|y~ y D. Ppz~. O~y q|y{rp|y p t ~pxrp~yu} gSuy rus ~p ruuh (gTheory of Everythinkh, [6]). B ~uz {pxp~, t rpw~ r|u~yz (tpwu r ~uwyrz ytu) ~urx}w~ yp yt yx gur y~yrh. Put|wu~ t uur s, {p{ qty t~y. Put|wu~ y ~ru ~pxrp~yu y uur - g{rp~rz u{ph. Np }z rxs|t prp} [6] wu |utrp| q guyh y x~p{}y u}, wu yxru~ r y~usuy{u y y|yy. P} , {~ {yr~ uur pq [6] }wu q trus~ p {yy{u, ~ {yyu{p p pq }~u~yz ~u rxrpu. Bp {p xu~y r }, ~tp}u~p|~u xp{~ yxy{y tuzryu|~ ~uqty}, ~ ~utp~ t| yp~y, ~py}u, wyrz yt y y ~uqty} t|~y. Np urz rxs|t }~u~yu yruyr. Duzryu|~, xp{~ yxy{y } |y {p{ |~p (r }pu}pyu{} }|u) yu}p p{y}. D|~yu|~u p{y} yrt { uu|~u~y yu} y r p r yruyu ~r~}y |pp}y. Su} ~u }u~uu, {p{ {pxp~ r s|prp 3 y 4, y}u~~ rpyp~ ut {y~yx}p }wu uu~trp ~p yp~yu r|u~yz yt, r{|p wyr . Py } yty rrty ~ru ~y, {u r yt~z p{y}py{u ~u tuwp. Sp{u ~y}p~yu ut {y~yx}p tp|uu q tu} ~pxrp gpry|~}h (u}y~, px }uu, |ru~) R ur u }~u~yu, s|p~ {} |w~u r|u~y (~py}u, r wyrz ytu y quru) rqu ~u tr|p~ ~} ~p {p}. ^ }~u~yu yruy u}|u~y x~p }y r u|} y ~p }z rxs|t ~ ~u ru~ ur . Su} ~u }u~uu, }~u~yu Np urz rxs|t {pwu prttq~}.. Duzryu|~, t| wyr ur p{yu ~y {p{: wu|p~yu, tr|ryu, u| (r } y|u u| wyx~y) uuru~~ y }|u~~. R t sz ~ ~u ~p {y (r } y|u yxy{p) t ~utpr~us ru}u~y y}y ~y}y rqu ~u y}u|y tu|p. Ot~p{, {p{ {pxp~ r s|.3 y 4, y y ~y }w~ } |yrp ~p x{u yxy{y y y}yy. Py } qu~~ rpw~ | ~py~pu ysp ~yu u~~p y~}py. T}~ u y ttp: gruuty~rh, g ~yrup|~z r|y~yx}h y gut {y~yx}h pr| ~r ~p ~s }yrxxu~y. K} ~ w~ ~p ~u }yrxxu~yu? A|y~r u~ p ~r~ p ru}u~y y y| ~p uu~yu p{yu{y xptp. D| z tuu|~y ~y{p{u }yrxxu~yu ~u ~ w~. Ot~p{, p rp q|u}, {u ~p urz rxs|t {pw ~upxuy}}y, q~ ~y ~pxrp ppt{p}y. D| y uu~y ruu~~ r pry|~y ~tp}u~p|~ xp{~r yxy{y ~uqty}p. O ryu uv wtpu |yq syu{uyyx} y q, |yq ryu p} {yyyx}p. P|ut~uu rutu { p~pxy}, ~u y}uy} ~u~y { ~p {u. B yxquwp~yu s ~uqty} ~y}p~yu ~tp}u~p|~ xp{~r yxy{y y q|py y y}u~y}y, .u. yxyu{yz ut {y~yx} r us pry|~} ~y}p~yy. O~ wu ~uqty} t| utprpu|uz yxy{y. Hptpp utpssp ~u |{ r q u~yy yxyu{y} }utp}, ~ y r }yrp~yy ~p ~s }yrxxu~y. B |ut~u} ut {y~yx} yspu t~ yx s|pr~ |uz. Np{~u, ~p ~u }yrxxu~yu ~ w~ t| ru |tuz (~u |{ yxy{r), {u rytu }y {p{ u|u, p ~u {p{ ~pq tu|~ (y p yruyr) r|u~yz. B }ut|syu{} |p~u s|pr~z ys {~ysy r |ut u}. I~uspy ~p { ~p ~ru ~p ~s }yrxxu~y rx}w~p. Mw~ y uty~ y ~uyruyr {py~ }yp. Ot~p{. t| s ~uqty} trus~ uryxyy t ~tp}u~p|~ ~yz ru}u~~z yxy{y y }pu}py{y y rruy ~yu|~ ~ru y ~u }u~uu ~tp}u~p|~u ~yu - y~}py (~uu. u~~p y~}py). Mw~ xptp r: {p{u r|u~yu yt |uwy r ~ru rx~y{~ru~y y~}pyy, xppry| u~ rxr|~rp? Oru wu : r|u~yu - ~u zyr. Xypu|, ypryz {~ys (p ~u |{ rrutu~yu y xp{|u~yu), ~y}pu, {| ~ y~}py rxp~p r|u~yu} ~u zyry. Np y~ yyr~} y ruqp|~} r~u x~pu~yu ~u zyry ~y}p| wu tpr~. B {puru y}up p yrt gA ytp~rp |ph (us yyrp ut~uru{r} y| Gp~ A ytp~ (XIV ru{), r tuty t ~p y~u~y A ytp~p y}u r u). Nu }u~uu {yu y}u yrty|y y xwu. Ot~p{, uy zyry q|p xp|wu~p |y r {~u |s ru{p r pqp @.M. L ~rp, {z rru| }u zyry - gy| L ~rph Rurp uy ry~y}p|p {p{ y{|pt~p y~wu~u~p tyy|y~p. Ev ~tp}u~p|~u (}ut|syu{u) x~pu~yu q| x~p~ x~pyu|~ xwu y, rx}w~ uu ~u |~, {|{ ty{ yy } rt t|wp. Np}~y} ~pyq|uu rpw~u |utry s r|u~y. i) Quryxy ~y yy~. I}u~~ q|pstp ~u zyry gyy~zh }wu p Es Bu|yur R| pz. S} y}u - yy }, {p{ } p pxqy|p p|~ rpx (s|. 2). R| pz r pu xtu ~u {p{ ux |p ~ux~p~y utyy up, p {p{ y}r| yy~~s ~ux~p~y, u y~yyp|~z ~urx}w~y u yuxpu }p|u r|y~y. Quryxyy t|uwy y ~yu gpq|~ xp}{~ z yu}h. O~ ~y}p| {p{ utu| ~uxp}{~ z yu}, {stp r~u~yu rxtuzry yuxpu }p|. B zyr yu}p p{u ~y}p~yu prtp~. B ~u zyr yu}p ~ uu }|, {|{ rx} u~y ~ppp ru}u~u}. Py } p}p ~u zyr r|u r~ u~~y} rzr} yu}, ~ ~u r~u~y rx} u~yz. Np}~y}, ~ wu - | pz - |uwy r ~ru su~upyy ~rz u~~z y~}pyy (s|. 3). ii) Nuqpy} ur r ru}u~y, y|y, y~}y |rp}y, ~ppr|u~yu gu| ru}u~yh. B ru}u~~z yxy{u ~tp}u~p|~u xp{~ p~u~y rxp~ y}}uyuz. Sp{, p~u~yu y} |p - |utryu y}}uyy p~rp, p~u~yu ~usyy - y}}uyy qpu~y ru}u~y. I}u~~ } ~tp}u~p|~u xp{~ yxy{y } |y r rytu sp}y|~r yu}, stu qpy} ru}u~y spp~yrp~p. Nuqpy} ru}u~y r|uu xp qz ~u p~u~yu ~usyy. P|ut~uu yruy ru} } , } x~pu} ~pu} }yu. R t sz ~, ~uqpy} ur r ru}u~y wu r|u~yu ~tp}u~p|~u y ~us wu ~u|x {pxp. Nu zyr xr|u pxuy yruyu, {|{ y}u~~ ~p r|u gyy~zh p{s ~p u~y y}}uyy ru}u~y, {u ~u ~p pu xp{~p p~u~y ~usyy y, r}uu u} xr|u yp tyypyr~u u. Py } ~usy pxtu|u ~p tru py: rqt~ y rxp~~ . Purp }wu uuty r r y y } puyrpu (tyyy u), ~ ~u yuxpu. Rrxp~~p ~usy }wu uuty r rqt~ |y py~, y pr|u rs ~pp|p u}ty~p}y{y. iii) Quryxy ~y qu{~u~ q|s (y qu{~u~ }p|s) y rrutu~yu ~y gs s|h. (y|p t{p 10100 y q|yu). P|ut~uu wu y p{yu{u ruwtu~yu }, yxyu{y up|yx u}u (~pq|tpu}u) ru|yy~ p{y}y y|p}y rpwp ~u }s . ^ ruwtu~yu, {p{ p{yu{u, }~u~yz ~u rxrp|. U ~tp}u~p|~u x~pu~yu us q| x~p~ xwu, y wu {pxp|, ~ rxp~ ~u zyr. I}u~~, r ~u zyr up }p|u ~pp|~u {|~u~y (}u~yu, u} gqp~z s s|h) yrt { q|y} |utry}. Pu~uquwu~yu y} p{p} rutu { } , t }pu}pyu{y sy uu} {pxrpu r yruyy ~u }u~uu ~tp}u~p|~}y xp{~p}y yxy{y (r p~y, r} ~pp|} u}ty~p}y{y). iv) Nu zyr r|u ~uu}u~~} |ryu} su~upyy ~rz u~~z y~}pyy. By~y}p, p~y y uutprp y~}py }w~ y r zyr up. A|uu s, ~u zyr r y up r|u |{ }uz. Ot~p{, xtprp u~~ y~}py }w~ |{ r |ry ~u zyry. Putpru uu, us q y|p uy y~}pyy y p} ~yu gy~}pyh, u|y q ytp (wyrp y|y ~u wyrp) ~u }s|p xtprp ~r u~~ y~}py. Ix yx|wu~~s |ut u, ~u zyr uru~~ pyu ~py utpr|u~y }yu y t|w~ ysp ~tp}u~p|~ | r }. } ~pxrpu} }y~y}p~yu} y|y ~p ~} }yrxxu~yu}. B ~p {u 21-s ru{p ~u zyr q tu ysp | t~s yx {pu s|~ {p}~uz. Ruzp p{p ~p {p xpwtpu. Npxrp~yu uv uv ~u |, } y|x : g~u|y~uz~p ty~p}y{ph, g~u|y~uz~p u}ty~p}y{ph y gy~usuy{ph. Np ~p rxs|t |ut~uu ~pyq|uu tp~, {|{ ~py}u~uu ~~. 7.3. Ry~usuy{p y |sy{p. Quryxy ~yz r yxy{u y }pu}py{u r|uu xp qz y uryxy }p|~z (}pu}pyu{z) |sy{y, {|{ y}u~~ ~p |uwy r ~ru ru}u~~z }pu}py{y. Lsy{ }w~ p}pyrp {p{ p|sy} u~y |w~s wtu~y ~p ~ru q|uu ruwtu~yz. P|ut~yu yp xptp~~}y y ysp | ~pp|~ |ryz [7,8]. Ruzp ut|wu~ ~u{|{ rpyp~r |sy{y, q ty} ~u{u yx ~y. 1.K|pyu{p (}p|~p) |sy{p ~pyq|uu |~p. D|su ru} ~p pxryrp|p {p{ ~p {p pqp{~p, p}tp~p y } ~u rxp~~p q|u}p}y ~p ~z wyx~y. O~r~u |wu~y uv (p{y} y|y p|sy}) q|y } |yrp~ uv r p~y~u ru}u~p y u y ~u yx}u~y|y. ^y p|sy} rx~y{|y {p{ qqu~yu rut~ur~s p, ~ ~p } rx |sy{y up|~z wyx~ xp{p~yrp|p. Kp{, ~y rt { |ut u} . I) Bu wtu~y (y|y qu~y) pxtu| ~p tru s : gyy~~uh (r }pu}pyu{z |sy{u y} pry r ruryu y~tu{ g1h) y g|w~uh (y} rur u y~tu{ g0h). @|sy} u~y |w~s wtu~y } |y u y|xrp~yu} |syu{y rx{ gyh, gy|yh y g~uh. Suq u, q |w~u wtu~yu wu q| |yq gyy~~}h, |yq g|w~}h (ru~} - ~u ru~}). I~}y |rp}y, ~p {pwtz r, } |yrp~~z r p}{p p{y}py{y (y|y p|sy}p) t|wu~ q | u~ ru, yu} |{ ty~: gtph y|y g~uh (yy~~ -|w~, ru~ - ~u ru~) ^ |wu~yu yxru~ {p{ p{y}p y{|u~~s uus (tertium non datur). ^y} tyspu t~x~p~ wtu~yz. Otp |ut u, }p|~p |sy{p y}uu tu| ty{u~} }~wur} qu{r, { pr r y r~ wtu~y. M~wur wtu~yz wu ty{u~. ii) Kpwtu yx wtu~yz r|u pq|~}, .u. ~u xpryy} u|y, {z ~ tu|pu, y t|w~ q t{pxp~, |yq rus~ . Sp{z tt ~y r uqu xr { qwuru~~s ywtu~y xp{~r yt. ^ x~py, ~p }~wuru qu{r A,B,C, ...~p r yp: @ y|y ~u - @, @ pr~ B (y|y ~u pr~) A>B, A<B y .. ru t|wu~ q t~x~p~} ~u xpryy} }u trp y|y px|yy. Bqu ~yu }u r }p|~z |sy{u r u. iii) Bu |u}u~ }~wurp pr~pr~, r p~y ~y y { }~wur yu|. B }pu}py{u ~pt ty{u~}y, p}pyrp y }uyu{yu {~y~ p|~u }~wurp, stu rrty ~yu }u. Su} ~u }u~uu, pr~pryu yu| p~u. Npy}u, u|y trp ux{p t|y~p}y x1 y x2 |yp ~p }p| {~u~ ru|yy~ Dx << x1,x2, ux{ Dx }w~ gp~ h (.u. yx}uy r t s} }ppqu) y p}pyrp {p{ tp~ wu~~z. Np } ~rp~ ruwtu~yu qu{~u~z tu|y}y ux{p. P|ut~uu r ru}u~~z }pu}py{u yspu uru~~ |. Tu }p|~z |sy{y y u~~z ~p uv ~ru }pu}py{y r 18-} ru{u ty| ruu~~ r }, y~pu y q ~u }wu. B 19-} y 20-} |uy p ruu~~ q|p {|uq|u~p. A|uu s, r~y|, yu}p }p|~z |sy{y ~u r|u |~z. Py}u ~ut~x~p~y r~ y }p|~z |sy{y }up|y y p~uu y } |yrp|y r rytu ppt{r, p{y {p{: ppt{ |wup y q|u}p q ytp~rp |p. B s} }pu}pyu{} rytu ~u|~p yu} }p|~z |sy{y q|p t{pxp~p Cvtu|u}. Dp|uu |sy{p pxryrp|p t tpr|u~yu} tr qu|r. B-ur tu|p|y (y tu|p) {y } |yrp p{y} |sy{y, |yu~~z r~ u~~y yruyz. ^y {y } ~u rxp~ q|u}p}y uuru~~ ~p {, ~ }s r|y ~p ~y {ru~~. B-r, pxryyu uuru~~ ~p { uqrp| ~u~y tp |wu~yz |sy{y. Sp{, B 19-} |uyy r~y|, {pwtu ruwtu~yu ~u }wu q pq|~}, ~ }wu q tu|p~ utu|u~~z ~. P|ut~ xpryy qp yx}uu~y, p r q|uu qu} | pu, rx}w~y ~pq|tu~y.
Q|, { sp|y y~y yx}uy}y y ~pq|tpu}y r uuru~~ ~p {p, quyxru~p. O~y yq|yxy|y |sy{ { up|~z wyx~y, ~ pxr uv p|. 2. B {~ {yr~z |sy{u (}. [9,10] r |yyu {|pyu{z, {pwtu ruwtu~yu truspu {~ {yr~z ru{u u} yx}uu~y y|y, r q|uu qu} | pu, ~pq|tu~y. Sp{, r {|pyu{z |sy{u ~p r: g@ y|y ~u - @h rustp t|wu~ q | u~ t~x~p~z ru: gtph y|y g~uh. B {~ {yr~z |sy{u t {pu {px rup, u|y yy~~ wtu~y ~urx}w~ ruy. B uuru~~ ~p {p p{p y py rupu tr|~ p. E|y ruwtu~yu r y~yu ~u ~pq|tpu}, ~ ~y { {pusyy qutuwpu|~. 3. B |ut~uu ru} ut|wu~p u|urp~~p ( }u~p) |sy{p [11]. O~p |ypu {|pyu{z u}, }p|~ pry|~u, ~ g~u }u~uh |syu{yu u~y r ~uz gqp{rrph A|pstp } tpu yxquwp ppt{r, rut y { xprut} ~uru~} rrtp}. 4. B p}{p }~sx~p~ |sy{ [12] ru wtu~y pxtu| ~u ~p tru, p ~p q|uu y| s . B ux~p~z |sy{u t y} y yp rur: gtph, g~uh y g}wu qh. P|ut~yz ru p{wu }wu q rpwu~ |rp}y: g~u yxru~h, g ruwtu~yu qu}|u~~h [13] y|y gqutuwpu|~h. ^y rpyp~ |yp r ~r~} }y~p|~z {p{z. Sp{, ru g~u yxru~h y|y g}wu qh ~ qu{yr~z pp{u (}~u ~u yxru~, ~ {} t s} , rx}w~, yxru~). R|rp gqu}|u~~h y|y gqutuwpu|~h x~pp, ruwtu~yu ~u }wu q t{pxp~ (y|y rus~ ) r p}{p rus u|ruurp (y, rx}w~, r p}{p Bu|u~~z). Rruru~~ ru|yyrpu y y| y}r|r Dp|uu, p~pr|yrp pry|p (p|sy}) utu|u~y y}r|p |w~s wtu~y, u|y yxru~ y}r|, rty r ~us (yt~) wtu~yz 5. Sp{ ~pxrpu}p ~uu{p |sy{p (p|-|sy{p, fuzzy logic, [14,15]) |ypu utt y uru~~. Kpwtz qu{ (y|y {pwtu wtu~yu) p}pyrpu r ~uz ~u {p{ p|~, p {p{ p~p}q| t~ qu{r. B}u t~x~p~ rur (gtph - g~uh) y|x ru~~u wtu~y yp: ru~ Q - gtph y ru~ 1-Q - g~uh. Qpx }uu y } rrty }up trp (y|y px|yy) qu{r. Pyr|u{pu|~ z |sy{y r }, ~p p (~ ~u rustp) q|yx{p { up|~y. Nutp{ uv r }, rur yz uz }pu}pyu{yz ppp, pxry uv ~utp~. S~uu, ur {y xtp ppp ~p ~ru ~uu{y }~wur, ~ y}u~u~yu us sp~yu~. ^ ~u tyryu|~, {|{ ru}u~~p }pu}py{p - x{ ~yrup|~z, |ty y} r|ptu|y y y{ y|x . Hp}u~y uv t sz }pu}py{z pr~y|~ ut|wu~y uuzy ru} ~p x{ up~. P rt ru }~ rpyp~r |sy{y }w~ tu|p t xp}up~yz. P~yu u|y, {z pry xptpp r ~y r u. Nur~ ut|pspu, |qp |syu{p xptpp {stp ~y q t, {} ~y q t t| us ~y q t ysty. ^ ~y {p{ { xptpp}, {u y}u t~x~p~u |syu{u uu~yu, p{ y { xptpp}, {u us ~u y}u. Sp{, ~py}u, uu~yu q|u} q ytp~rp |p tuzryu|~ ~uqty} t| tywu~y {~{u~ u|uz. S wu }w~ {pxp y t sy ppt{p }p|~z |sy{y. B ru }~ rpyp~p |sy{y p}pyrpu p~r{p xptpy y ru (u|y ~ ur u). B tuzryu|~y u~yu wtu~y (y|y y~yu uu~y) utpr|u qz u, sp~yxrp~~z r ru}u~y. O~ up|yx u |yq r }|yu|~} pppu u|ru{p, |yq r {}uu. B |sy{u qu|r {|xpu r~y}p~y. P} r q zyry |syu{y p|sy}r t y ~u pry|. Tzyr up |syu{s yp~y s y|y y~s r|u~y y zyr yrpu}s up rxp~ t s t s}. P} zyr (y|y ~u zyr) r|u rpw~} {yuyu} |qz |syu{z xptpy. Np ~p rxs|t tuu{ |syu{y u} rxp~ y}u~~ u}, {yuyz r ~y ~u y|x u. B p}u~~ rpyp~p |sy{y wtu~y yp |yq pq|~}y, |yq y|~ px}}y (~uu{p |sy{p). B up|~y rup xptpy qy yr, {p{ uq yu ~s rup, p{ y ru~~s. Bq {p{s |yq t~s rpyp~p |sy{y x~ppu {px uu~y x~pyu|~z py xptp.
Ix yrutu~~ xp}up~yz |ut u, ~y ty~ yx }~ rpyp~r |sy{y ~u rprpu ru { s p{ p|~ xptp ru}u~~s uurx~p~y. Bx~y{pu r: {p{ q? Mw~ r up|~z wyx~y y r ~p {u rqu qty qux |sy{y ({p{, qru~~, y pu q|y~r |tuz). Mw~ p tu|p |ut yz ps y ut|wy |sy{ q|uu q|yx{ { up|~y. Sp{ |sy{ }w~ |r~ ~pxrp u|uqpx~z. B uv p}{p |qu ruwtu~yu }wu q ru~}, ~u ru~} y qu}|u~~} r xpryy}y |ryz xptpy y u|uz uv uu~y. Sp{, ~py}u, ruwtu~yu @=B ru~ y|y ~u ru~ r xpryy}y s, {| ru|y{p px~yp }uwt @ y B y ur u |y |yyu tywu~y u|y, {z tu|pu ruwtu~yu. Rprut|yr ruwtu~y utu|u ~u rx}w~ yx}uy (~pq|tp) |yyu, p u|uqpx~ y~y}p (y|y ~u y~y}p) |yyu r r~y}p~yu. E|y |yyu r y~yu ~u yx}uy}, y~y}p us r r~y}p~yu xprut} ~u u|uqpx~. Sp{u ut|wu~yu }wu ry~y}p ~uspyr~, |ut y} yy~p}: B-ur, ~ ~yxrty |sy{ t r~ y{|pt~ ~p { y |yp uv u|p qwuru~~y y ~uxpryy}y }y{z u. Ot~p{, y}u~~ qu|r xr|u uy ~pq|uryu r y rzy yx xp}{~ s { sp qu|t~z yy{y. B-r, xr p~y gu|uqpx~p |sy{ph utpr|u {p{ ~~u~. R urs rxs|tp {pwu, ~p |qz r }w~ ruy r}: -gus yxr|yu?h. Ot~p{, r up|~ xptpp p{z ru ~u p{ w s| . Pyrutu} y}u: B p}{p }p|~z |sy{y ~p r: {|{ q tu 7L7 ruu~ ru: 7L7=49 y |qz t sz ru ~u ruu~. B p}{p u|uqpx~z |sy{y | wu ruu~ ru: 7L7=50. I}u~~ ru p y|x |ty t| y{yt~ pur gr }uh, {stp uq u}p ~ ~u ru|y{p.
B {~{u~ xptpp u|uqpx~p |sy{p rty { {p{} |yq yx yxru~ wu rpyp~r |sy{y. Sp{, ~py}u, u|y xp}u~y ~y gyy~~h y g|w~h (ru~ - ~u ru~) |rp}y gu|uqpx~h - g~u u|uqpx~h, } ru~u} { p{y}py{u {|pyu{z |sy{y. Py } yx}u~y ~u { p |sy{y, p pry|p u~{y wtu~y. Mwu {pxp, gru~zh ( {y xu~y {|pyu{z |sy{y) rrt g~u u|uqpxu~h y ~pq. Py}u s } q ty} xwu. Sp{y} qpx}, u|uqpx~p |sy{p ~u uu~t u ~p | ~rz |syu{z {~ {yy. Wu| uv rrutu~y y~p, ~p r }, q utu|y q|py y}u~y}y yxru~ rpyp~r |sy{y r uuru~~ ~p {p y } |yrp rur yu {yuyy. D| s, q rpy r uty~z |syu{z u}u ru { s xptp, u|uqpx~ {pxp }u px}y, q|ptp |ut y}y rzrp}y: B-ur, ~p t|w~p q {~u~z, ~ tp~ }p|z, p{z, q y uu~yy zyr [AK1] xptp u rustp }w~ q| q u~uqu. ^ xr|u y|xrp r p{y | p ptyy~~ }pu}py{ qux {p{y |yq yx}u~u~yz. B-r, r ~u zyr up p }up t|w~p yrty { |~z px}y ux |pp. ^ xr|u y|xrp r p{y | p ptyy~~z ru~~z tt.
R u} y xp}up~yz p{y}py{ {~ {yr~z |sy{y }w~ } |yrp r |ut u} rytu. B [AK2] {pwtz xptpu t|w~p q } |yrp~p u|. Auu|~u xptpy {rp|yyy {p{ qu}|u~~u y p}u~y ~u t|uwp. B } }|u u|uqpx~p |sy{p uu{|y{pu u|urp~~z [2] Lqz pu (y|y p|sy}) |ut u p}pyrp {p{ u, sp~yxrp~~z r ru}u~y .u. rtyz p~. ( prut|yr {pz~uz }uu ~u~y { {}u~} pup}). ^ xr|u pry y uy r q zyry y/y|y ty}y r p}{p {|pyu{z }pu}py{y. Kp{ y r {|pyu{z |sy{u {pwt} wtu~y rur u g0h y|y g1h, ~ ~y p}pyrp ~u {p{ y}r|, p {p{ y|p, q|yx{yu |yq { 0, |yq { 1, ~py}u, 0,000...abc y|y 1,000...def, stu a,b,c y d,e,f - -| pz~u y|p 0 t 9. ^ |wu~yu ~p}y~pu gfuzzy logich, ~, r |yyu |ut~uz, uq u, q gpx}h q|p }p|p, t{p gqp~z s s|h. E|y u zyr y ty { utu|u~~} ux |p , pr}pyu{y p~u p{y}py{p {|pyu{z |sy{y (y }pu}py{y). B } | pu |w~u wtu~yu q tu gpx}h r wu }u , y yt~u, Npq|tp p{ gpx}h r y~yu ~urx}w~. E|y u ~u zyr, }p|p gpx}h yt~ wtu~yz yrty { q|z (t{p uty~y) px}y g|w~sh wtu~y. B ux |pu wtu~yu, gyy~~uh y|y g|w~uh r p}{p {|pyu{z |sy{y, {pxrpu ~y u}, ~y t sy}, p g~u u|uqpx~}h (qutuwpu|~}). B }pu}py{u rutu { uvx~} |utry}. {|{ t uu} (r p~y uu}p Ly ry|| ) y } u y| . E|y u u~y wtu~y ~u ty, us |ut u p~ry ~p |qz yupyy t{p s s|. Wu|uqpx~}y |ut u yp ut~yu pp{uyy{y p~p}q| ux |pr pur ~u zyr y/y|y ~u ty ur. Tut~u~yu rty ux |pp} pur, |ypy rq} yxr|~s y|p t{p s s| (y|y qp~z s s|). Qux |p pup {pwts tu|~s up r| ~u u|uqpx~}y. Dy~p}y{p ut~y pp{uyy{ zyrp utu|u~y ut~us y pu uv tptpu t . (4)
Puuy|u~~u |wu~y utpr| qz p|sy} pup ur, {p{ zyr, p{ y ~u zyr. B p}{p s p|sy}p r yruy y ~ut~x~p~y pp{u~u t| {|pyu{s ttp. D| y||pyy yrutu} ~u{|{ y}ur. Purz ~y { q|u}u ru}u~~z ~uqpy}y y p ~yy r sp}y|~r yu}p yp qy||yptp A|}p~p. B ~y |qp pu{y yxqpwpuz {y r }~s}u~} pxr} p~ru ~u zyrp. Rs|p~ . (3) ~ w~ ~pp|~u |ry xptprp ~u r {u, p r }p|z q|py , ~u }u~uz, u} qp~z s s| y p}pyrp rutu~yu p~p}q| u{. Rs|p~ . (7) u|uqpx~ p}pyrp ut~yu pp{uyy{y p~p}q|. Ot~z yx ~y r|u ~y, utu|u~~p, s|p~ Ry~p {p{ |spy} qu}p pxrs p~rp r~ y rt r {|z q|{y, rprpuz p~p}q| u{. ^p ru|yy~p pu ru}u~u} y u}y { utu|u~~} utu| . P ru} rzrp} ~p rptpu yxyu{z ~yuz. ^ ux |p |ut u yp u|uqpx~} (u|y, yp u| y|xrp~yu us t| pup, ~py}u, u|r }py~) y r } }|u gpry|~}h. R t sz ~, u|y p}pyrp rutu~yu tu|~z pu{yy ( pr~y|~ xptp~y ~pp|~ |ryz pq|~z ~), {pwtz u qpy} r ru}u~y y ~y py ~u }wu ( y pr|u uu} Ly ry||). ^ ux |p r|u gru~}h (y|y gyy~~}h) r p}{p {|pyu{z p{y}py{y, ~, s|p~ (5) ~u u|uqpx~} y r } }|u g~u pry|~}h. Qux |p Ry~p r } wu }|u r|u u|uqpx~} y gpry|~}h, y g~u ru~}h {y xu~y {|pyu{z |sy{y. Np } y}uu ryt~p px~yp }uwt ~y}y gyy~~h (g|w~h) y gu|uqpx~h (~u u|uqpx~h). Np}~y}, y p}u~yy zyr ur z px~y ~u. Pq|u}p A ytp~rp |p r p}{p u|uqpx~z |sy{y upu . `~, |wu~yu |p ~u zyr. Rs|p~ . (3) ~pt|uwy p}u p~p}q| |r, p|wu~~ ~u ~ }uwt sp}y u~p, p r y~urp|u t{p s s|. Rs|p~ . (7) u|uqpx~} r|u r: {p{ putu| | r p~ru. Oru u~: ~y pxtu| ~p tru pr~u s y t~y zt ~ppr, p t syu - ~p|ur. Sp{u rutu~yu |r u|uqpx~, u|y y u| - ~u }uu s|t . B: { tp ztu {pwtz tu|~z u| pry ~u u|uqpx~. Np}~y}, r p}{p {|pyu{z }pu}py{y y ~ xptp~~ ~pp|~ |ry, u| p~u ~p }uu y }u. Sp{u rutu~yu ~u u|uqpx~ tpwu {y xu~y |p. Pppt{ |wup, ~p}~y}, y r |ut u}: yrp~y{ y}uu y{px: prtyr} |t} qy s|r , p |wur rup. Put|pspu, prtyrz rustp sry prt , p |wu rustp |wu. K st tty ~y{. Pyrp~y{ rpu: g{ , prtyrz u|ru{ y|y |wu?h. P ~y{ rupu:: g |wuh. X t|wu~ tu|p yrp~y{? B p}{p {|pyu{z |sy{y xptpp uu~y ~u y}uu, } y ~uu~p { pxt ppt{r. B p}{p ux~p~z |sy{y |qu uu~yu |yu~ }|p. B p}{p u|urp~~z |sy{y p}p xptpp ~y { y| xpuu~~. B p}{p u|uqpx~z |sy{y uu~yu y r |ut u}.
B |yyu utt us | p }uw ~u ~yu y{|u~ , p ~u ~u zyr. Kpwtu yx pxuu~~ ~yz (gprtyrzh y g|wuh) ~u |{ ~u zyr, ~ y ~u py~p~. Pu y~y uu~y y yx |utrpu|~y yupyz, {pwtp yx { yrty { yr|w~} ux |p . ^ u ~u r|u ty}. B p}{p {|pyu{z }pu}py{y p{z u utpr|u qz qpwu~yu utu|~s y{|p P p~{pu. Rp} y{| zyr, ~ pxp y{|p ~u zyrp y }wu q rqp~p yxr|~. B tp~~} | pu pxuu~~u ~y rur yr|w~} pxp} y{|p. Sp{y} qpx}, u ~u rur u . (4), ~ tptpu t . (6). Rs|p~ (7) |ut u ut~y ux |p p~p}q| yupyz. Tut~u~~z ux |p }w~ } |yrp r rytu: tp~~z ~y{ r }u |wyr y r }u prtyr (, {py, }w~ ~uy { ru} ~}p|~} |t}). E|y u| - utu|y }p|~z q|y{ ~y{p, p{z ru |ut u yp u|uqpx~}. Npyr, ux |p |qz {~{u~z yupyy ( ~y{ |yq |wyr, |yq prtyr) |ut u yp ~u u|uqpx~} y ~u y}u~ ~u~y { ~u} }~ p~{yz. D| pr~u~y q ty} rpyp~, {stp ~y{ rupu g rustp sr prt h. ^ | pz tptpu t .(4). Pu y~y uu~y q ty { ux |p : ~y{ ~pt|uwy qy s|r . Sp{u uu~yu |syu{y qux u~. K}u s, ~ u|uqpx~, {|{ u|ru{, {z rustp sry prt , yp|~ pu~. Np y y}up ryt~, r zyr y py {|pyu{p y u|uqpx~p |sy{p ~u r p r yruyu. Oq ty} uv ty~ y}u, rxp~~z |r~ }pu}pyu{y ~yz. B wu p{ p|u~, {|{ r ~p {u q y~}pyy |r~ yspu rpw~ |, p r }pu}py{u y~ s ~u xp}up. B {puru y}up }u~ q ty q|u} gu| ru}u~yh. B sp}y|~r yu}p rq x~p{p ru}u~y yxr|u~. Py yp~yy zyr ur yxr| |y ~u yspu, {|{ y u qpy}. B s|qp|~ ~u zyr up q t uu |ypu ~pus y |s y |yyu up|~, {|{ y u ~uqpy}. Ot~p{, y r y |ry rq x~p{p ru}u~y yxr|u~ y tu|pu qu} s|py, .u. |r~. Mw~ rqp x~p{ ru}u~y p{, r q t u} ~ q tu q|uu |wyu|~}, u} r ~pu} (~pxru} p{y |tuz y}yp}y, wu |r~). I}u~~ p{ yp ru |ty ~p ~puz |p~uu y } p |r~ ry~y}pu {p{ qu{yr~p up|~. Mw~ utpry uqu |tuz, | wu px }~, ~ wyr y ~p t sz |p~uu ( y|y ~p Hu}|u, ~ r t s} tu}spyu{} yx|u), {u rqp|y yr|w~z x~p{ ru}u~y. I~}y |rp}y, ~y |y, r q t u} ru} q tu q|uu ypu|~}, u} r ~pu} ( r } wu u rz ux~, ~pxru} p{y |tuz uy}yp}y). B qy y |ty ~pq|tp ty~p{ru r|u~y y yrp y ty~p{r, ~ t x~p{p ru}u~y. X yty y q}u~u y~}pyuz }uwt ~y}y? Mw~ utpry uqu ~u{|{ rpyp~r. Lty qp t s t s , r q t u} ~y rxppu. ^ qu{yr~p up|~ y xtu rr ~u rx~y{pu. Lty |p t s t s ~upru~r A|}p~p, t~y r }u: dS/dt >0 y t syu - r }u: dS/dt <0 . S rx~y{pu r: { wu pr? Lty |p t s t s {y~|u~ yxqpwu~yu} wpp y r rtyu|~} y}u {pxrp, stu ~pp| (~puu) y stu {~u (q t uu). Pq|u} ~u rx~y{pu, {|{ wp ruxtu u{pu ty~p{r.
iv) Lty |p t s t s {y~|u~ y {pxrp, {pt |ut u p|wy r t{u rxpp~y (y|y qrp~y) ru}u~y, p{, {p{ y~ r {pwtz yx yz. Sstp |ty r t sz yy tyr|u~yu} ~pq|tp, utuz wp u{pu ~u q~: t} ~u p|xpu, p qypu, pxsuryz wp p} xp pu, p t} p} qz rp~pr|yrpu r uw~uz {pu. I~}y |rp}y, ru} utuz uu r qp~ ~ . Htu |ut u }uy, yxqpwu~yu ~u zyrs up ~p {y~|u~u uru~~ |ypu p}s up. Uy{py wpp r {pwtz }}u~ ru}u~y ~p {y~|u~{u - u zyrz, ~r~u |ryu xp}y~p~y y~}pyy. Du}~py y|}p r |qz |utrpu|~y {ptr wu u zyrz - p{ u~ {y~u{. P} tu}~py y|}p - u qpy}z y y} p |x {y~uwyu. Sp{y} qpx}, rzrp p}s up (wpp) y us yxqpwu~y ~p {y~|u~u r } }|u uru~~ |yp. X yxztu, {stp |ty, q}u~ry y~}pyuz y ~u ~r t s t sp up ruy? Pyxztu , yp~ r s|. 3, .u. qqp y~}pyz, r| t |y{rytpyy t s t sp. B ux |pu t~p |r~p y~}py ru~y t s y p~u quy~z. P|u s ru |ty q t yp, ru} r q t u} rxppu (y|y qrpu, r xpryy}y s, { {pxp| y|~uu) y |psp, y u yy~p. B p}{p }p|~z |sy{y tu|p rq yx pr~pr~ rpyp~r (.u. su~uyrp y~}py) ~urx}w~. Truwtu~yu }, ru} r q t u} rxppu (pr~, {p{ y yr|w~u) ~u|x ~y t{pxp, ~y rus~ . B ~y. p y py - ty~ yx y}ur tuzry uu} Cvtu|. B p}{p u|uqpx~z |sy{y u~~ rqp utu|u u}, {p{p y}u~~ |r~p y~}py q tu y~p (y|y wu y~p) r tp~~} quru. I~}y |rp}y, rq x~p{p ru}u~y - y}u su~upyy |r~z y~}pyy, u~~ {z rxppu (y|y qrpu) ru}u~u}, r xpryy}y s, {p{z rpyp~ p~ry y~} r quru. Sp{y} qpx}, q|u}p u| ru}u~y y}uu trp pu{p: B-ur, p}p u|p rxp~p ~uqpy} ur. P|ut~uu y}uu }u r s|qp|~ ~u zyr yu}p, {p{ r {|pyu{y. p{ y r {rp~r yu}p (}. s|. 3). ^ ruwtu~yu tuwy qux |r~ y~}py. B-r, ~ppr|u~yu u|, .u. rq x~p{p ru}u~y tuwy |r~ y~}py. Pu rqp x~p{p ru}u~y ~u y}uu ~u~y { yxyu{y} r|u~y}, p, {uu, ~y { yp|~}.
Ix s y}up ryt~. {| rpw~ |yp |r~ y~}py qux |r~z, qu~~. {stp u ytu }pu}pyu{} yp~yy up|~ ur. Bv {pxp~~u ru }w~ yx|wy ~p x{u uyy px~prp~y. Lqp |sy{p, ~uu, p|sy}, u~~z ~p uv ~ru, utpr|u qz upuu pry|, u~~u ~p utu|u~~} q pu} }~wuru. Lqz p|sy} } |y u ~p utu|u~~} x{u ({tu) y r y| s |ru~, r wu }u |r~p y |sy{p. U}p|~p (}pu}pyu{p) |sy{p - upuu pry|, u~~u ~p q pu} }~wuru zyr ty~p}yu{y ur. O~p } |yrp~p ~p x{u ru}u~~z }pu}py{y. Wu| px~prp~y - s~x rutu~y qu{r yx {xp}u~ u}s }~wurp, rx}w~, u|y |ut~uu rptpu q py}. M~wur zyr ty~p}yu{y yu} tp~ y{. Ps~xyrp~yu y rutu~y ~p ~ru }p|~z |sy{y {pxp| tp~ u{yr~}. Mpu}pyu{yz ppp r uu~yu |ut~y |uyz q| ~yyyrp~ y uzp ru u|ruur y|x u uty~z {t - ru}u~~ }pu}py{ . ^ qu|r ty| y||xy }, }p|~p |sy{p, {p{ upuu pry|, ~u xpryy u|uz px~prp~y, rzr q pus }~wurp y |r~uz {tp. ^ xpq| wtu~yu y |uwy r ~ru ppt{r }p|~z |sy{y. Py~y y{|u~~s uus x~ppu, {px px~prp~y ~y r {p{} | pu ~urx}wu~. ^ |ryu ~u }wu r|~ ~y r {p{} up|~} {xp}u~ u}} }~wuru. B q pu} }~wuru ~ }wu q|tp r y{|yu|~} | pu, u|y |ut~uu y |{ yx p|~r. Ot~p{, y r } | pu r {xp}u~ u}} }~wuru qxpu|~ ~pzt qu{, {u ~u }s q px~p~ } | wu{s upus pry|p. P ur , {pxp~~u - pppx uu} Cvtu| ~p x{u uyy px~prp~y. Sp{ qy tu| gppt{} |wuph. ^ qu{ utr|u~~} yx~p{p} ~pty }uwt p|~p}y g|wuh y gprtyrzh y r p}{p }p|~z |sy{y ~u }wu q ~uu~ ~y { t~} yx ~y. K~ {yr~p |sy{p - upuu pry|, u~~u ~p } wu }~wuru zyr ty~p}yu{y yu}. B |yyu }p|~z |sy{y, r ~uz t {pu {px px~prp~y. B p}{p uyy px~prp~y {px rup x~ppu, ~uqty} pyy p~r yx~p{r. Ot~p{, ruwtu~yu ~y, {uu, wu { u|uqpx~z |sy{u. M~wur ~u zyr ty~p}yu{y yu} uru~~ |ypu }~wurp zyr. B ~v} {|pyy{py }wu q rutu~p r t s} p~ru yx~p{r y px~prp~yu u|ut u y~u u|y. O~r~p u| - s~x rutu~y p~p}q| qu{r, y~pt|uwpy { t~} {|p , ~ ~u {pwts qu{p r tu|~y. P} r }~wuru ~u zyr yu} {|pyu{yu |sy{y, {p{ upyu pry|p, rqu u y| . Wu|uqpx~p |sy{p r } }~wuru ~u |{ {~py u qu}|u~~ ruwtu~yz }p|~z |sy{y ( rx}w~ y r p}{p {~ {yr~z |sy{y), ~ y xr|u uuzy { t s} upu} pry| . ^ | xtu yspu u}ty~p}y{p (~uu, pyyu{p yxy{p). Bpw~, x{, ~p {} } |y u pry| - }pu}py{p - p~u. Ix}u~ |y }| y}r|r, rx y ~pq|tpu}}y ru|yy~p}y y u~{p x~py}y ux |pr. I~}y |rp}y, }u~u yxyu{p p{y}py{p y p~r{p xptpy, Sp{y} qpx}, u|uqpx~ |sy{ }w~ p}pyrp {p{ y}u y~uspyy y~}pyz, py yx px~ q py }~wur. B xp{|u~yu q ty}, ~rs tuwy u|uqpx~p |sy{p pr~u~y t sy}y. C|pr~u r ~uz - y|xrp~yu zyry {p{ {yuy q|puz y}u~y}y wu yxru~ rpyp~r |sy{y. Wu|uqpx~p |sy{p ~u uq u yx}u~u~y ptyy~~z }pu}py{y. Kp{ pry|. }pu}pyu{yu pu ~py~p |rp}y g tp~ ...h y {~p g ruwtu~yu t{pxp~h. B }uw {u }uwt ~y}y y|x u }pu}py{p, ~rp~~p ~p }p|~z |sy{u. B tuzryu|~y |rp g tp~h x~pp, xptpp ytup|yxyrp~p y }wu rurrp up|~y |y {p{z- ~, {p utu|u u| pup. K}u s, t ry|u~yz p y|x ut|wu~y yp: gru|yy~p e }p|p y r ur} yq|ywu~yy |wy} e=0h. Py puu zyr ur u|uqpx~p |sy{p }wu y|xrp |{ t| u~{y yt~ |wu~yz y ux |pr. B p} pu ~p ~u yr~y ~yus ~rs pr~u~y {|pyu{z, y ~u yruy uz. O|yy r| |{ y puu ~u zyr ur. ^y} y utu|u q|p {~ {yr~z y}u~y}y u|uqpx~z |sy{y. P|wu~yu (1) ~uqty}y p~r{y u|y ~u sp~yyrpu q|p y}u~y}y u|uqpx~z |sy{y. B tuzryu|~y utu|u~~ u|, q p~pyu{ , }w~ t}|y r |qz pqp{~z xptpu (}. y}up~yu). P|wu~y (5),(6) y (7) p{yu{y ~u ~r. A|uu s, r uuru~~ ~p {p ~y tpr~ y u} y|x . Pyrutu} y}u, stu y |wu~y y|x ~pyq|uu u{yr~. Np ~p rxs|t y}u yu|u~ y p{ p|u~. Ruzp r yxy{u p{yr~ q wtpu r }, |ypu |y ty~p}yu{yz p gyy~~sh. X p{u gyy~~zh p yxyu{z {y xu~y ~u ~. U}p|~ px~yp r }, tpwu ~u zyrz u gr y~yuh qpy} ( up|~ tu|p ~urx}w~). B u|} p~r{p rp ~p}y~pu u|ysyx~u ty gruu yy~~zh. B p}{p }p|~z |sy{y pyu{yz u ~uqty} rruy, {p{ p}u|~z, {|{ , ru ~p r: r|u |y tp~~z u ty~p}yu{y} y|y pyu{y} t|wu~ q t~x~p~}: gtph y|y g~uh. I~}y |rp}y, gyy~~zh p r ty~p}yu{y yu}p rqu ry ~u }wu y us ~uqty} |yrp, {p{ p}u|~z qu{. Py p{} ttu ~y {p{z y~uspyy ~p { tpwu r p}{p p}z yxy{y y uy q ~u }wu. B p}{p {~ {yr~z |sy{y ty~p}yu{yz p r|u yy~~}. Nuqty} t|~yu|~ |pr ~p|yyy t sy pr p}p qz ptpu. Pu qpxrp~y pp ~uqpy} y ~y y } rxppu (uu}p Ry~p). R|rp gr y~yuh xtu |yu~ }|p, {|{ up|yxrp (~pq|tp) qpy} ~u zyrs up ~urx}w~. B p}{p u|uqpx~z |sy{y ty~p}yu{yz p wu r|u yy~~}, ~ {}u s }w~ tu|p y xyyr~u ruwtu~yu ( y q| tu|p~). Rs|p~ ut|wu~y Ry~p, ~y yy|u {p{ |spy} pxrs qv}p r~ y rt r {|z q|{y, { wpuz p~p}q| yxqpwpy u{ ( v} wu |p u ru). ^p ut p rur u xptpu y u|y pup. B tp~~} | pu p u| - y }pu}pyu{yz ppp, xr|yz - ry| ~y pyu{y ty~p}yu{y yu}, ~u |{ pr~ru~, ~ y ~u pr~ru~, ~u px p }pu}pyu{ p{y}py{ , ~ ~ p~r{ xptpy ~p ~ru u|uqpx~y.. B {rp~rz }up~y{u p~p|sy~p ut p rty { s|pwyrp~y y|~ yxuxp~~ t~usp|~ ~{yz. ^ yrty { ux |p , {z yruy uu}u ~-Nvz}p~p, ~ xr|u yp ~yy r pyu{y {rp~r yu}p, y ~pq|tpu r up|~y. Wu| pup xtu p{p wu, {p{ y r utt uz xptpu, ~ r p}{p {rp~rz }up~y{y. Mw~ yruy uv }~s y}ur, {stp yxy{, ~u xpt }rp ~pt g~rp}yh yxrty ut~u~yu p~p}q|, } , gpx }~h y u|uqpx~. P ur y}u~~ p{ r ru ru} y| Ltrys A|}p~. P} } |yr{ y |wu~yz } ~u p}pyrpu} {p{ ~ru |r r ~p {u, p {uu, {p{ {~ppy p{p. Su} ~u }u~uu, ypu} } |yr{ u|uqpx~z |sy{y |ux~z. Bx}w~, ~p yxqpry u|ruur |pyu{y r y yxrr gtprpzu p wtp |syu{yh. Kp{ pry|, y |rp yx~ |ty, |sy{z ~u x~p{}u y {p{ px r }}u~, {stp g|syu{yu p wtu~yh xpt r y{. Rru}u~~z u~z (y|) y uut rq}, {p{ |sy{ utu: }p|~ , {~ {yr~ y|y u|uqpx~ ? Ry py p{p wu, {p{ y y ysu r |u{ . Bys - rx}w~ yrp r|u~y yt uty~z {y xu~y. Pys - p~ sx~ r yyu{y p. K u - quru~~u }~u~yu u~s }yp. N w~ {pxp. { u ~p ut{ y~uu~. Duzryu|~ r up|~ xptpp ru u~u wu tpr~ y|x u|uqpx~ {p{ {rtr { tuzry. Sp{, up|~ py{ wu tpr~ r | ~{u, ~ { u uv ~u {pxp| rus upus |rp y r ty{ y ~tp}u~p|~} rp} pr{y uv t|wp. B } pxtu|u } ~y |r} ~u q}|ry|y typ|u{yu{z |sy{u. ^} ru~ |ut yz pxtu|. 7.4. Pt{ y p, |sy{p y typ|u{y{p. B r|u~y yt u xp{~}u~. ^ |ty x~p|y tpr~, y p|y ~ xp{~ yt (y t y p). Hp{~ yt - y u t{. R t sz ~, wu ~u y } |yrp~~u xp{~ yt p ~p p. M~syu r|u~y yt "| pz~", u p{, utrytu y ~urx}w~. ^ y u ~p u~yu t{p, u qut{, p. Sp{yu r|u~y ysp q| | r wyx~y, p r yxy{u }p|u{ |~z p tpwu | wy ~rz rs ~pp|p u}ty~p}y{y. B {p{y | p y {p{y} yy~p} t{ pu }u p ? Kp{y} qpx} yx pp ~rp }wu rx~y{~ t{? ^y r {pp ~u |{ quxt ~z yt. S wu p}u yty y r wyr yu}p (sp~yx}p, |y) y r u|ruu{} quru. A|uu s, r quru q|u} t{p y pp tpwu q|uu p{ p|~ y q|uu , u} r uuru~~ ~p {p. Kp{ u|ruur p| ruy ~p y r? ^} ru~ }p |yup , {p{ ~p ~z, p{ y twuru~~z. Pruy qx rus {pxp~~s r ~uz pr ~u r y|p. Ot~p{, t| tp|~uzus ~uqty} ~p}~y ~r~u p pxryy }|y. Py } ~u tp yxquwp u~y y tpwu r |spyxpyy yyy. P} yp, r } pxtu|u pr wu ru} guy|h. B u|ysyy ru ~p r q| : t{ xtp| As, p qut{ - Dypr|. ^ ru r ru ru} tr|ur| u|ruur. Duzryu|~: }yu ~p ~uq: z~z uutz tryw ~u} |p~u y t{ ruu~, {|{ ~p ~uqu r|pr u As. Np xu}|u t su tu|. Htu "rps u|ruu{yz" y|u~, tp y qut{. Ot~p{, pxryyu} p~}yy, yxy{y y }pu}py{y, ~uqu~z t{ q| q|uu~ r } | y xtp~p ~p {p - {|pyu{p }up~y{p. ^p ~p {p y t y r|u qpx} t{p. Put{pxp~y r }up~y{u t~x~p~. E|y yxru~ ~pp|~u |ry, y y| tuzr yu ~p u|, pu{y ry|u t~x~p~. Tuy }up~y{y yxru|y q|u rup|u~yu ~p qur. O{pxp|, ~p ~ru xp{~r }up~y{y }w~ ry|y ~u |{ trywu~yu ruy| ~p ~uqu, ~ y pu{y ~ptp, r u~~s yx {y y }~su t su. Yy{ pp~y|p y||xy }, p~p|sy~} xp{~p} (| wu u{y} y t~x~p~}) }w~ ry|y rqu ru ~p ruu. Rxtpu|y ru}u~~z }up~y{y y }pu}py{y: Du{p, N~, Luzq~y, ^z|u - q|y |ty u|ysyx~u y ~u {pxrp|y |y Asp. Ot~p{, y |utrpu|y, r p~y, p~ x{yu ruyu|y, wu p|y xp}u~y { | Asp { |} Qpx }p. Pt px }} ~y}p|p q~ ~p ~rp~yy xp{~r yt pyp (y|y utrytu) |ut yu qy, {p{ r ~p {u p{ y r quru. ^ q| wur t{p ~pt p}, ~ ru}u~~u. "Kyy{p ys px }p" Kp~p ~rp ru~ |p qur { yxru~z q|u}u. Pt "y} px }}" Kp~ wu ~y}p| rx}w~ t~x~p~ ut{pxrp (ry|, pyrp) r|u~y yt. P ur Kp~ qpy| r~y}p~yu ~p , t~x~p~ ut{pxrp }w~ ~t ~u ru r|u~y yt, q|uu s p ux |p {pxrpu yr|w~} ut{pxp~y} "ys px }p". B|utryy, wu r trptp} ru{u r~y|, ~y ty~ t~x~p~z p|sy} (tq~z }up~y{u) ~u }wu tp t~x~p~z ru ~p r, pr|u~~z r p}{p s wu p|sy}p. Ruzp ruwtu~yu yxru~ {p{ uu}p Cuztu|. Kp~ {pxp| ~p sp~yu~~ gys px }ph, ~ ut|wy u} |syu{ p|u~pyr r p}{p uuru~~ ~p { s ru}u~y ~u }s, ru}u~~z u} }pu}py{z r|ptu| uy~p|~. A t y u|ru{} u|ysyx~} ({p{ y us ru}u~~y{y), Kp~, ut|wy| uuru~~z t| s ru}u~y rt: pr|u }y} As, p gyz px }h, y y|u~, ~ ~u ruy|u~. O~u~} Kp~p r y| Cusu|. O~ ut|wy| xp}u~y }p|~ |sy{ typ|u{yu{z. Dyp|u{y{p, {p{ qz ryt |sy{y, rx~y{|p uv r p~y~u ru}u~p y stp uru~~ |yp|p }p|~z |sy{y tpwu ~pxrp~y. Pt |sy{z ~y}p| y{ r quwtp |r} ( suu{s |s - |r). Pt typ|u{y{z ~y}p| y{ r quwtp r u (r q|uu qu} | pu - ruy quut ). Tquwtp y quwtp - u|y px~u y }ut y tywu~y wu px|y~ ( t| tywu~y urs p y|x u ru). P} r}uy |sy{ y typ|u{y{ u~ ~u . B p}{p yx|wu~~s r {~ysu }w~ y~uuyrp typ|u{y{ Cusu| |ut y} qpx}. Cusu| qqy| ~p p|yr, ~pq|tpry pxryrpyu yu} (r ur uut wyru) y } |yrp| us r rytu tp pry|. K} q| ytp~ p xp{~r yt. Sp{ ry| uxy qqu yr|w~uz y uxy q y }u~u r yxru~z yptu: guxy - p~yuxy - y~uxh. Cusu|, r |yyu Kp~p, ~u r|ptu| }pu}py{z uy~p|~ y } } |yrp| y pry|p r ruqp|~z, ~ ~u }pu}pyu{z }u. Rprut|yry pty }uy}, u|y q Cusu| y p| tu|p, rv pr~ ~u }s q, {|{ ~uqty}z t| s }pu}pyu{yz ppp stp uv ~u q| xtp~, tp y uzp ~ uv |{ y. B ux |pu q|p y}u~y}y typ|u{yu{z |sy{y ~u q|p u{ uu~p. B } stu y {p{ |sy{ |ut u y}u~ prp| ~u uu~~}. Cusu| ~y}p| y q t y, {p{ y Kp~, u|ru{} u|ysyx~}, utpry| uu~yu s rp ~p }u~yu Awyu. B ux |pu typ|u{y{p Cusu| q|p ~uu~p { pxt ytup|yyu{y y|yz. Np ~p quru~~ ry~|p typ|u{y{ ~u t~x~p~. P ur y uzp ~u~yu { ~uz tr{. M~syu utpryu|y ~ ~p { (yxy{y y }pu}py{y) ~u|y { ~uz ~uspyr~, |psp, ~u q|uu u} |rp. S} u yy~. R {y xu~y utpryu| ~ ~p { |rp gxp{~ yth tpx }urp, y}uu }pu}pyu{yz ppp, xr|yz tu|p t~x~p~u ut{pxp~y. B typ|u{y{u Cusu| p{s pppp ~u q|. P} ~p r: }w~ |y pyp y ut{pxp {stp y}u~~ t~p "yr|w~" }u~y t s y {stp rx~y{pu "y~ux", ru q| p|rpz: "y~ux" qxpu|~ q tu, ~ {stp - ~u x~pu}. Qpx }uu, p{z ru utpryu|uz ~ ~p { ~u tr|ur|. Putpryu|y ypu|~ (uuru~~ y s }p~yp~) ~p { ruy|y typ|u{y{ ~ xypx}}. S} wu u yy~p. Cusu| tp| } |yrp ~r~u y tuzryu|~u tp~ qyu rzrp, pp{u~u t| {, pxryrpy yu}. Htu } y|x u} ru}u~~z x{, {|{ r ru}u~p Cusu| ~y "{p" y "pxryrpp" yu}p q|y uu ~u } |yrp~. Ruzp }w~ {pxp, yptp Cusu| - qpx~u yp~yu up su~upyy u~~z y~}pyy. Duzryu|~, {p{ q| {pxp~ ru, y } uw~yz ty~p}yu{yz uwy} (gt{h) p~ry ~u zyr} y yu}p rty r uu}uyrpyz |z. Bx~y{pu gph - p~yuxp gt{ph. Hpu} yu}p rty yx uu}uyrpus | y rty r ~rz ty~p}yu{yz uwy}. Bx~y{pu ~rz gt{h - y~ux, r {} yu}p wu q|ptpu ~rz u~~z y~}pyuz. B ~r} uwy}u yu}p pxryrpu ty~p}y~, r| t |ut uz {y qy {pyy. Gyru y yp|~u yu} ~ y}u~~ { p{r}, y quuy| |~ typ|u{y{y r utu qy|sr y s }p~ypyur. Ruzp, yp ~p y~usuy{ , }w~ {pxp, q|p y}u~y}y typ|u{yu{z |sy{y r| ru pxryrpyu yu} r } y|u y r qu~~y wyru. Kp{ ryty}, q|p y}u~y}y typ|u{y{y u~ y{p, ~ ~u quxsp~y~p. B ~uwyrz ytu zyru u ty~ }p|~z |sy{u. Nu zyru u r ~uwyrz ytu wu qrp y ysp q| |. I}u~~ t| y yp~y q|p xtp~p uy ty~p}yu{s pp. Up{yu{y p uy yspu | xru~p, uty~us }p|~ |sy{ typ|u{yu{z. Sp{y} qpx}, q|py y}u~y}y }p|~z y typ|u{yu{z |sy{y uzp wu utu|u~. Ruzp ~~y{ typ|u{yu{s }|u~y }wu ruy |q} }pu}py{ ~p us {prux~z r } {stp ~p y gy~uxh. Oru : zu }pu}pyu{ }tu| up y p}y rytyu {stp y}u~~ uxy uuztu r p~yuxy y {stp ~p y y~ux. B pxryrpuz wyrz yu}u qxpu|~ yxztu y {puru~~u ruwtu~yu typ|u{y{y pu r y|u. O}uy}, |{p ~p Asp y } rru ~u qxpu|~p (y ~u wu|pu|~p). Pyrutu~~u ru qpwu~y rs|t r|~u }puyp|yyu{y}y. P} , }w~ {pxp, ru}u~~p y~usuy{p r|u }pu}pyu{z ~rz typ|u{yu{s }puyp|yx}p. B ty{ y }uwt ~~y{p}y }p|~z |sy{y y typ|u{y{y ysp| | y t su qu|r, wu ~u }p|rpw~u. O~r typ|u{y{y q|y } |yrp~ ~p ruqp|~} (|ru~}) r~u, t| y ryy ~u ~ w~ q| x~p }pu}py{ . D Cusu| yxru~u y| (r{|p Kp~p) x~p|y }pu}py{ , q|uu s, yp uq y|} ~u q t y x~p{}} }pu}py{z q| ~uy|y~. P|u Cusu| r y|yy ry| }~s utpryu|uz ypu|~ ~p {, ~u x~p{} }pu}py{z, p r |ut~uu ru} }w~ p y|} rqu ~u q t y uyp|y} ~y r {p{y t sy ~p {p. D| |tuz tp~ |u~yr , ~ {|~~ y|rrp (p p{r y ru |ty), rqwtu~yu ~uqty}y y }pu}py{ q| q|ps}. Ruzp y py }u~u, y~uspy ~p { p~ry ~p ~z uq~ y xtu x~p~yu }uw~ tyy|y~ (r{|p }pu}py{ ) ~uqty}. Ptrutu} ys: typ|u{y{p r |yu y~usuy{y qu|p, ~p{~u, }pu}pyu{ , xr|y| uy q|p uv y}u~y}y. Op|p ~uqty} yr|u{p Asp t| uu~y ~p ~ q|u} (.u. }y~p I} Es r u). Dyp|u{yu{yz }puyp|yx} p| tuzryu|~ ~p ~z yu}z, r } }|u, r {p{} y~ ~y}p r uuru~~ y ~ ~p {p. Pwp| z, y u p}u s|pr~u, u| {pxp pr r } pxtu|u. Rpr| typ|u{yu{yz }puyp|yx} px~}y rpyp~p}y |syu{y u}, }w~ {pxp, ~ q|ywu rus { u|uqpx~z |sy{u, y}u~~ r z uv py, stu |ut~ p~ry ~u yryp|~z. Mw~ {pxp, p{wu, y~usuy{p, {p{ }pu}pyu{yz ppp, rprpu ~u |{ }p|~ |sy{ , ~ y typ|u{y{ . 7.5. Pt{ y p r quru (q|u} y{y) Gyx~ qurp y us pxryyu ty~u ry} xp{~p}. B-ur, r |q} quru u rt xp{~r. ^ }p|yxrp~~u pry|p rutu~y, |u~yu { {ppu. B rtu xp{~r, srpyrpu {p{ }up {|~u~y pry|, p{ y }up ~p{pxp~y xp . Ot~p{, up|~p wyx~ - r|u~yu ~u p|sy}yxy u}u y }p|yxrp uu |~ ~urx}w~. P} ~pt }p|~}y xp{~p}y r {pwt} quru ur xp{~ ruy, u y{p. ^y xp{~, r |yyu ytyu{y, } |y r rytu xprutuz, u qux {pxp~y }u ~p u~y y }u ~p{pxp~y. Hpruty qrp px~u. Oquyxru~ u|ysyx~u xpruty, ~y g Asph y } r ps }u~pyy ~u ~ wtp. P ur ~y rx~y{p y | p yx~p~yu r ux |pu qqu~y p urrp~y tp~~z yy r uu~yu |u. ^y xpruty ~y{ ~y{stp s ~p q|tpu, tp s y ~u uq u. Su} ~u }u~uu, ~y ysp q| | r quru, {|{ utu| ~u{yz ut~yz (qpxrz) ru~ y{y. Hpruty |ut u q|tp y y pr~ |ry, y|y, t sy}y |rp}y, y ~u |ut u ~p p qux {pz~uz ~p ~uqty}y. ^ rpw~, {|{ r yr~} | pu x| ry| q ~p {pwt} ps qux r{z ~ wt. Qu|ysyx~u xpruty |pq xpry tywu~yz ~p {y y r } }|u zyr. B {pwt} quru, {}u u|ysyx~, ur xpruty t ss yp, ~y pu ~pxrp gy~yp}yh, ~y wu ~u g Asph, p gys px }ph y } ~ wtp r q~rp~yy. Sp{ru, {p{ pry|. yrty y p |{z ~p tywu~y ~p {y. Qu ytu p{y y~yp, {p{: rqtp y|y, ~pyr, yupyu{u ty~u~yu, pru~r y|y, ~pyr, urtr (~py~p|~u, pru, ytu|syu{u), urtr xp{~p y|y, ~pyr, prut|yry. O}uy}, {py, |rp gxp{~h y gprut|yrh r px~ p~p y}u px~z }|: r xppt~ p~p y y~~y}, p r Qyy, {uu, p~~y}. P ur gy~yh wu ysp | xprutuz, {|{ ~y } |y {p{ pq|~u y }u ~p u~y y }u ~p{pxp~y u{ ~u srpyrp. Nywu u ztu y}u~~ gy~yph. Kp{rp y } | q|u} yy~~-|utru~~ rxuz, q|u} ut{px u}y y rqu q|u} t{p y pp? B|y |y y, {pxp| q y ~p ~u, q|u} ~p y{ qurp? ^y r } y q ty}. Kp{r r|y~yu "ys px }p"? B ~p {u "yz px }" - |~ tuu}y~yyu{p uy, stu {pwtu qyu r|u t~x~p~} |utryu} utu|u~~z yy~ y p} | wy yy~z |ut us qy. E|y uu~uy |sy{ ~p rutu~yu u|ru{p r quru, ytu} { |ut y} rrtp}: B-ur, rutu~yu u|ru{p |~ tuu}y~yrp~; ~ ytu xpp~uu utu|u~~z pu{yy y ru~ ~uu ~u }wu, tpwu u|y xpu. I~}y |rp}y, u|ru{p ~u prp rqp y ~u rx}w~y ry rqt r|y. B-r, u|ru{ ~u ~uu ruru~~y xp tu~~u. Duzryu|~, p} ~yu "ruru~~" ut|pspu, u|ru{, ruyryz { (y|y {) y}u| rx}w~ y t s} , u y}u| pr rqp y rx}w~ ry r|. B-uy, yuxpu p} ~yu "ru", {|{ ~ ~u }|y} qux ruru~~y. P ur "ru" - ~yu yu{u, y r|u p~p|s} ytyu{s ~y "ruru~~".
Sp{y} qpx}, yty}, {pxp| q, { ppt{p|~} rrt : "yz px }" r u|ruu{} rutu~yy rutu { px u~y y{y, u { qux~prru~~y. ^p q|u}p ~u ~rp. B u|ysyx~} pu{u ~p q wtp|p yxtur|u: u|y rutu~yu u|ru{p utu|u As, ~p ~u} y ruru~~ xp {y u|ru{p. R } }~sy|u~~ yx}r ( |{p}y ~p y{ u~y Dypr|p) tprp| ru-p{y y{ p~y. B pu{u "ys px }p" rutu~yu u|ru{p ututu|u~ "xp{~p}y yt" (tq~ rutu~y {p}~, qu~~s yx py). O~y - xp{~ yt - y ~u ruru~~ xp {y u|ru{p. Htu p{wu } yx}r (wu ~u qux Dypr|p, wu qux }y~p~y us) q| uu~, uu~y ~p ~u {~uyy ~p qur ~u|x. Pprtp, u} ~u|x, {stp ~u|x, p {stp, ru-p{y, }w~ - y r prp|y qux rup. Su} ~u }u~uu, r|y~yu tuu}y~yyu{y {~uyz ~p yu{yu ~} q| x~pyu|~}. Lty p p|y yu{y ~}, spqy|y y qyrp|y t s t sp y tu|p| |yq r y} Asp (r ru} u|ysyx~ rz~), |yq r y} "Qpx }p" (~py}u, r ru} p~ x{z ur|yy). Kp{r r|y~yu {~uyy "pp"? B ~p {u p x~ppu, {pwtu qyu - ux |p | p y ~u }wu q yy~z |ut us, {|{ ~ wu | pz~. E|y uu~uy y |wu~y ~p rutu~yu u|ru{p r quru, ytu} { |ut y} rrtp}: B-ur, rutu~yu u|ru{p r tp~~z }}u~ |~ xpryy }~wurp ~u yrpu} |ryz, r p~y, us ~pu~y, wu|p~y y .. Put{pxp us ~urx}w~ y } ~ | pz~. I~}y |rp}y, u|ru{p u pr rqp y rqtp r|y (wu|p~yz). B-r, utrytu {p{ r|yu tp~~z { u|ru{p ~p |ut yu qy (qu~~ tp|u~~u) wu ~urx}w~, {|{ y ~y | pz~. P} ~yu ruru~~y xp {y wu uu }|. B}uu ~y} px}rpu y uu utpr|u~yu "ruy". B prtp~yu |qs uu~y }w~ {pxp: "u|y {p{ | u, p | y| {p{ rustp". Sp{y} qpx}, {~uy "|~s pp" p{ wu p}p|~p, {p{ y {~uy |~s tuu}y~yx}p (.u. "ys px }p"). Su} ~u }u~uu y p {~uy r|y|p y r|yu ~p quru~~u u. Npy}u, r ru}u~p quru~~ {pp{|yx}r (rz~, } , ur|yz) tpwu qpxrp~~u |ty r ru prtp~yu yx~: "O }u~ ~yus ~u xpryy; - |y t~p }|u{ |p r tu spx} y ruru~~y xp ytuu ~u ~u ". Kp{rp | uyy ty~p}yu{s pp? Kp{ }y~p|, r z uyy ~pt "pyu{y}y" ~y}y (| pz, ru~ y ..) p~ y ty~p}yu{yu ~y (ut{px u} q|ywpzy |utryz, syx~ s~xyrp~y y ..). B}~y} qy||ypt A|}p~p. Spu{y {pwts pp }uwt tpu~y}y r|~u tuu}y~yrp~p y ~u | pz~p. B }}u~ pwu~y r {|z ru~y pp, q|pstp ~u zyry, r|u "rqtp rqp". P|ut uu qyu xpryy s, ~p{|{ p z rqtz r|xrp|; r p~y, ~ }wu |uu }y} |ut us pp, y t s} "rqu" ~y} q |{~ |. ^ {py~ }w~ qqy. B rutu~yy |qs qu{p u uyt, {stp ~ zyr ututu|u~, ut{px u}. B pxryrpy qy|syu{y yu}p y uyt ~ uyp|~u ~pxrp~yu - {ut (}. s|. 4). B |~ pyu{y yu}p p{yu uyt rur u syx~ s~xyrp~y. B}uu u}, u }}u~ ru}u~y (y|y uyt wtu~y uux uu}uyrpyz |z), {stp rutu~yu p~ry ~u zyr} (p{ ~pxrpu}u {y qy {pyy) y r|u rx}w~ ( y ~uqty}) | pz~s rqp. Rqy, ytyu ~p |ut u} ux{u ru}u~y (t{p syx~p s~xyrp~y y|y t|yu|~y {utp), xpry rqp~~s y. P} y p{wu }w~ (y t|w~) utrytu. E|y uu~uy y |wu~y ~p qur, ytu} { |ut y} rrtp}: Qpx }uu, |ty ~u { s|u p (, - r } u). Su} ~u }u~uu r wyx~y {pwts u|ru{p, u uyt, {stp rutu~yu ututu|u~ y rq tu|p ~u ~ w~. B y uyt r q ruru~~y y ruy ~u rp. E r wyx~y }}u~, {stp u|ru{ p~ry uut ~uqty} rqp (wyx~ uu zyr). Sstp ~ u~yrpu rx}w~u |utry rqp ~p |ut u} syx~u s~xyrp~y. Kp{ pry|, ~ }wu y t|wu~ tu|p (u|y ~u }wu, , x~py, s| , p , {p{ yxru~, wu rrrp). I}u~~ r y, qy {py~~u, }}u~ r| ~y ruru~~y xp tu|p~~z rq ( u xp {) y ruy. Kp{ ryty}, ~y ~rp~ ~p |ut y rzrp. B-ur, qu{yr~}, ~u xpryu} u|ru{p rzru uy zyry (qy {pyy). B-r, ~p qu{yr~ q~ u|ru{p utrytu |utry rqp r uu~yu syx~p s~xyrp~y. ^y} y utu|u ruru~~. B-uy, u|ru{, q~z s~xyrp, tu|pu rq, rxruyrp |x y|y rut rx}w~ |utryz t| uq, { wpy y qurp r u|}. ^y} utu|u yu{yz p u|ru{p, u ru.
D| }p|~s p p pr~ ~uqty} ru y uu |ry. Sp{, u|ru{, q~z s~xyrp, y x~pu|~ rqpryz rpyp~, {z ~p~u rut t sy}, p}p|u~ y uryt~. Ot~p{, ~u }u~uu p}p|u~ u|ru{, ~u q~z utrytu ux |p, ~ tu|pryz rq, y~uyz }~s x|p |t}. Py}ur p{s rutu~y |tuz, r } y|u y u~ pryu~, r, q|uu, u} tp~. Rqy y qy {pyy qrp px~s }ppqp. B rut~ur~z wyx~y rq yty tu|p p, syx~ s~xyrp~y }p|, ~ y |utry rqp ~u p{ uru~~. Npy}u, rqp| ty~ }pspxy~ y r ~u} { y| ru twu, p r t s} }s q y tuur|u. Oyq{p, ~ ~u }uu|~p. B } }ppqu y py q|yx{p { {py~u "|~s pp". Ruux~u yu{yu q|u} y } ~u rx~y{p, tp y ~u }s rx~y{~ - ruru~~ ~u ru|y{p. Np q|uu r{} r~u rq tu|pu uwu, y syx~ s~xyrp~y q|u. Npy}u, wu~yqp - ps uux~z. Htu syx~ s~xyrp~y - r wyx~ (y|y t pxrtp). E|y w tu|p| rq y wu~y|, t|wu~ ... }~s us t|wu~ y {|~u~yu t|sp - ~p u~yu y{y. Prutu~yu r uu~yu syx~p s~xyrp~y r } | pu q|uu rur u {~uyy |~s tuu}y~yx}p. B wyx~y rus qurp qy {pyy uu uwu. Cyx~ s~xyrp~y - ru} }uwt {pp{|yx}p}y. B uu~yu pqy|~s ( zyrs) uytp pxryyu qurp ~p }p{ r~u tuu}y~yrp~. Py } q|u} spwtp~{z y{y (spwtp~{z ruy) up|~ ~u rp. A|y~r |tuz q } ~u t }p y pry|~ tu|p, {|{ utrytu, y}u~~ yxztu |u |ut uz qy {pyy, ~urx}w~; "yz px }" ~p ~u qu~. B tuzryu|~y tpwu r y uyt r|u ~uq|u y| |tuz, yxrpy { }u~u uwy}p y~stp r y} Asp (u|ysyx~u p~py{y), y~stp r y} "ys px }p" (tyytu~). Kp{ pry|, y u|ut y r } u ux~ - y |ty p}p|~ ~u } , x|~p}uu~~, p } , quxruru~~. Ot~p{, p y}u~~ ~y ry~y}p {p{ "ru } u~y{y", u |ty r{z spwtp~{z ruy. S, y |ty, tu|pryu quxruru~~z rq (y yxrpryu { } t sy), r tuzryu|~y p}p|~, r~u wu |u |ut us {pp{|yx}p, {stp p~ry ~: "xp q|y ~p y ~p|y". B }}u~, {stp qur uu zyr y p~ry uut ~uqty} rqp, | {pwts u|ru{p rxppu. Rruru~~ rxppu y ruru~~ xp rq. Htu wu spwtp~{p p{yr~ prtp~p y, ~pyr, ryu spwtp~{z ruy p}p|~. Ptrutu} ys: B|y~yu ~p ~ {~uyz ~p yu{yu ~} {p{ u|ru{p, p{ y qurp, uru~~. B p}{p {~uyy |~s tuu}y~yx}p pr~ {p{ y |~s pp, }p|~z p ry~y}pu, {p{ ~u pyu{u , ~u xpryuu px up. Py } uu ~rp p{y ~yz {p{ ruru~~ y ru. B p}{p y~usuy{y }p|~z p yspu px~ | r xpryy}y px pxryy (u|ru{p, u}y, qurp). P~y ruru~~ y ru uuru~~ rx~y{p r pxp uy zyry, stp y r|u yu{yz p . ^ ~u x~py , ~r~u ts} y{y (.u. xpruty) yx}u~ ru}u~u} ( y y}uu }u). ^ x~py, ~y t|w~ r| r }}u~ qy {pyy. Pr|u~yu p{yr~y t y|y |u s r tuzryu|~y p}p|~. Bx~y{pu r: {p{yu y}u~~ qy {pyy ysp | r quru? D| rup r|x u} p~p|sy}y. Oqur - pxryrpp yu}p y r ~u} yty ~p{|u~yu y~}pyy, {p{ qux |r~z, p{ y |r~z. Cu~upy y y|xrp~yu qux |r~z y~}pyy pp{u~p t| r|yy qyu (y|su~uxp) y pxryy |w~s sp~yx}p (~su~uxp). Py}u~yu|~ { qur r } pu{u }u~ r|xrp p~p|syuz y}y up}y. Htu s|pr~ | ysp qy {pyy yp g{|pt{yh y gq{yh (}u~p uwy}p), qy {pyy yp Vp (pr{|uqp~y y pr r|~) y qy {pyy Sy~sp (rx~y{~ru~yu tyypyr~ { ). B quru y} rur u~yu{yu ur|yy, ru~yu ~r uyyz y rx~y{~ru~yu ~r str y s tpr. q wtu~yu y r|u~yz ~y { {~}y{u, y|syy y tu}spyy y rty xp p}{y {~ysy. Cu~upy |r~z y~}pyy p~p|sy~p qpxrp~y {tp. ^yu{yu ~} - y}u |r~z y~}pyy y xtu }u~ r|xrp z p~p|syuz (}. s|. 3). C|pr~ | y } ysp qy {pyy wtu~y ~p }uwt px~}y {|pup}y ~p ptyy p{up. Cu~upy {~~{ ~z y~}pyy r tp~~} | pu x~ppu {u|u~yu ~} rutu~y, ur y r tp~~} {|puu. ^p y~}py, {p{ }y~p|, ~u r|u ~rz y uv u~~ utu|u |y~}y u|}y g{~~{ ~s y~}pph - tu|p {pu ~p ytu|syy. E|y {|pu tp~ ru|y{, ~ tp|u{ y uv ~u yxru~ r {p{ ~ tryw , su~upy {~~{ ~z y~}pyy ~u r|u ~y }p|~z, ~y p}p|~z. Itu|syu{yu {puy rustp q|y, u y q t , {|{ wu|p~yu tu|p {pu - uuru~~p rutu~u{p up{y utpryu|uz homo sapiens. I }w~ u{p y|y y} xprytrp, ~ rpw~ ~y}p, uvx~ t| qurp |utryz y tuu|~ ~u r|uu. Cu~upy s~yu{z y~}pyy r } | pu y rustp p}p|~p, {|{ quxruru~~p. ^p tuu|~ }wu yruy { uvx~} |utry}, p { {p{y} y}u~~ - utrytu p{yu{y ~urx}w~. Htu prut|yr rv, {pxp~~u ru q y{u r uyt zyrs pxryy. E|y ~ wu yq|yxy| y ~p y|p qy {py~~p y py, |wu~yu }u~u. Np p}} ~u (r utu|p us yy~) {~~{ p q }u~u y su~upy {~~{ ~z y~}pyy uu }|. @{ su~upyy |qz y~}pyy p~ry ruru~~}, {|{ }wu r|y ~p trywu~yu ~p. Htu prut|yr ru {pxp~~u q y{u r qy {py~~z uyt. B xp{|u~yu tu{~v} s|pr~u: R xyyz y~usuy{y yu{yu ~} ~u|x p}pyrp, {p{ ~u pq|~u y ~u xpryuu px pxryy qurp. Npyr. r xpryy}y z px p gtqh y gx|h }u~ }up}y. Np y~ yyr~} r~u tpr~ x~p~ u|ruur} y ~ut~{p~ pwu~ r {|pyu{z |yup u. B xp{|u~yu s|pr trutu} ys. B y~usuy{u tuzryu|~ rx~y{p }ut|syu{yu q|u}, uu~yu { qr u pxryy {p{ y~usuy{y, p{ y }ut|syy. B s|pru xp~ y{yz { s q|u} |sy{y y typ|u{y{y t y{y. Oquty~u y , ru ~y up r ty~p}y{u. I}u~~, t| uu~y q|u} p}pyrpu u uv rx~y{~ru~y. Py }, p}u rpw~u rzr up - us zyr (y|y ~u zyr). I}u~~ r|u~yu ~u zyry xr|u utu|y q|py y}u~y}y px|y~ ttr y u} uy q|u} y r}uy}y. D su rpw~u qu|r y r }, |ty p y}u tu| |r~z y~}pyuz, ~ ry~y}p uv {p{ qux |r~ . Py}u} }wu | wy q|u}p gu| ru}u~yh Htu p{wu }uu~ ty~p}yu{yz tt. D| pxuu~y ~utpx }u~y tp~ p~p|yxyrp u rx~y{~ru~y |r~z y~}pyy y r|yy uv u~~y. Rp}p uqu }| }, q|u} ~ w~ up r ty~p}y{u, px }uu, ~u ~rp. Xu|ruur 4 wu q|uu tr |u x~pu, gru uu y ru yx}u~uh. Bpw~ y ~r t su - y~usuy{p xr|u xptp r: {p{ uu y {stp y {p{ yx}u~u. Oru ~p r p {pxrpu uu~yu} q|u}. B ux |pu r|u ~ptuwtp y uty~ {py~ }yp y ~u |ru~ , p ~p x{u ~ ~p {. B s|pru xp~
tp|u{ ~u ru q|u} }ut|syy. A|uu s, y uu~yy t~y q|u} rp t
syu - uuru~~z u pxryy ~p
{y. M ~ptuu} , t~p{, y uu~yy ~p
~ q|u}, p p{wu u, {u ~ptq rut, y~usuyu{yz tt q
tu |tru~. |